feat: rename Golang files to Chinese and supplement root files

Changes:
- Renamed all 10 Golang files from English to Chinese names
- Created 00-项目概述/项目概述.md with comprehensive project overview
- Created 08-算法与数据结构/算法与数据结构学习指南.md with detailed learning guide
- Created 12-面试技巧/面试准备进度.md with progress tracking
- Added .obsidian configuration for better markdown editing
- Updated Claude.MD with Chinese filename rule

Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.ai/code)
via [Happy](https://happy.engineering)

Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-Authored-By: Happy <yesreply@happy.engineering>

questions/13-Golang语言/HTTP和Web开发.md

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+# Golang HTTP 和 Web 开发
+
+## 问题
+
+1. Go 的 http.Client 如何使用？
+2. 如何实现 HTTP 服务器？
+3. context 在 HTTP 中的作用是什么？
+4. 如何处理 HTTP 超时？
+5. 如何实现中间件（Middleware）模式？
+
+---
+
+## 标准答案
+
+### 1. HTTP Client
+
+#### **基本使用**
+
+```go
+import (
+    "fmt"
+    "io"
+    "net/http"
+    "time"
+)
+
+func main() {
+    // GET 请求
+    resp, err := http.Get("https://api.github.com")
+    if err != nil {
+        panic(err)
+    }
+    defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+    body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+    fmt.Println(string(body))
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+#### **自定义 Client**
+
+```go
+func main() {
+    // 自定义 Transport（超时、代理等）
+    tr := &http.Transport{
+        MaxIdleConns:        100,
+        IdleConnTimeout:       90 * time.Second,
+        TLSHandshakeTimeout:   10 * time.Second,
+        ExpectContinueTimeout: 1 * time.Second,
+    }
+
+    client := &http.Client{
+        Transport: tr,
+        Timeout:   5 * time.Second,
+    }
+
+    resp, err := client.Get("https://api.github.com")
+    // ...
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+### 2. HTTP Server
+
+#### **基本服务器**
+
+```go
+import (
+    "fmt"
+    "net/http"
+)
+
+func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+    fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hello, %s!", r.URL.Path[1:])
+}
+
+func main() {
+    http.HandleFunc("/", handler)
+    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+#### **Server 高级用法**
+
+```go
+func main() {
+    server := &http.Server{
+        Addr:         ":8080",
+        Handler:      myHandler,
+        ReadTimeout:  10 * time.Second,
+        WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
+        IdleTimeout:  120 * time.Second,
+    }
+
+    server.ListenAndServe()
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+### 3. Context 在 HTTP 中的作用
+
+#### **超时控制**
+
+```go
+func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+    ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(r.Context(), 5*time.Second)
+    defer cancel()
+
+    // 使用 context
+    req, _ := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", "https://api.github.com", nil)
+
+    client := &http.Client{}
+    resp, err := client.Do(req)
+    if err != nil {
+        if ctx.Err() == context.DeadlineExceeded {
+            http.Error(w, "Timeout", http.StatusRequestTimeout)
+            return
+        }
+        http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+        return
+    }
+    defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+    // ...
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+### 4. 中间件模式
+
+```go
+type Middleware func(http.Handler) http.Handler
+
+func loggingMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
+    return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+        start := time.Now()
+        next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+        fmt.Printf("%s %s %v\n", r.Method, r.URL, time.Since(start))
+    })
+}
+
+func authMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
+    return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+        token := r.Header.Get("Authorization")
+        if token == "" {
+            http.Error(w, "Unauthorized", http.StatusUnauthorized)
+            return
+        }
+        next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+    })
+}
+
+func main() {
+    var mux http.ServeMux
+
+    mux.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+        fmt.Fprint(w, "Hello, World!")
+    })
+
+    // 链式中间件
+    handler := loggingMiddleware(authMiddleware(&mux))
+
+    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", handler)
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+### 5. 阿里 P7 加分项
+
+**深度理解**：
+- 理解 Go 的 http.Client 和 http.Server 实现
+- 理解 HTTP/2 支持
+- 理解 context 的传播机制
+
+**实战经验**：
+- 有开发高性能 HTTP 服务器的经验
+- 有处理 HTTP 超时的经验
+- 有实现中间件框架的经验
+
+**性能优化**：
+- 理解如何优化 HTTP 客户端性能（连接池、并发）
+- 理解如何优化 HTTP 服务器性能（Handler 调度）
+- 理解如何处理慢客户端